Russia-Chechnya: Chain of Mistakes and Crimes

Armed Conflict in Chechnya: Principal Stages and Important Events

• 1990
• 1991
• 1992
• 1993
• 1994
• 1995
• 1996

The Political Aspect of the Relationship between the Federal Organs of Government of the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic, 1990-1994

The Violation of Human Rights and Norms of Humanitarian Law in the Course of the Armed Conflict in the Chechen Republic: A Report of the Human Rights Center Memorial

• 1. From the Authors
• 2. Introduction
• 3. The Violation of Human Rights and Norms of Humanitarian Law on the Part of the Government of the Russian Federation
• 3.1. Factors Which Negatively Affected the Ability of the Federal Forces to Observe Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
• 3.2. Indiscriminate Attacks and Inordinate Use of Force
• 3.2.1. Inaccurate Bombardments, Indiscriminate Shelling of Inhabited Areas
• 3.2.2. Artillery Shelling and the Bombardment of Roads
• 3.2.3. Operations and Assaults on Inhabited Areas
• 3.2.4. Indiscriminate Attacks, Shelling, and Bombardment of Inhabited Settlements in Areas Controlled by the Federal Forces, and in the Period of the Armistice
• 3.2.5. The Use of Weapons Systems for Indiscriminate Actions, Inevitably Leading to More Victims among the Civilian Population
• 3.3. Premeditated Attacks on the Civilian Population
• 3.4. Application of Principles of Collective Responsibility and Collective Punishment
• 3.5. The Disappearance of Individuals, Extra-judicial Executions
• 3.6. Illegal Detention of Civilians, Cruel and Degrading Treatment of Detainees and Arrested Individuals, Use of Torture
• 3.6.1. Filtration Points
• 3.6.2. Unofficial Points of Detention
• 3.6.3. The Treatment of Detainees Who Participated in the Armed Formations of the ChRI
• 3.7. The Use of Hostages and “Living Shields”
• 3.8. The Restriction of the Freedom of Movement.   The Hindering of the Exit of Inhabitants from Blockaded Points of Settlement and the Denial to Doctors and Representatives of Humanitarian Organizations of Access to Blockaded Settlements
• 3.9. Robberies and the Destruction of the Property of Civilians
• 3.10. The Destruction of Cultural Objects
• 3.11. The Violation of Voting Rights of Civilians
• 3.12. The Violation of the Rights to Free Seeking, Obtaining, and Dissemination of Information
• 3.13. The Actions of the Command of Federal Forces in Chechnya, Ordering the Prevention of the Destruction of Peacefully Inhabited Areas and a Cessation of the Attacks of the Federal Armed Forces on Peaceful Civilians
• 3.14. The Investigation of the Legal Organs of the Russian Federation into Crimes Committed in Chechnya by the Soldiers of the Armed Forces and the Interior Ministry of the Russian Federation against Civilians
• 4. Violations of Human Rights and Norms of Humanitarian Law by Armed Formations and Government Offices of the Chechen Republic Ichkeriia
• 4.1. Indiscriminate Use of Armed Force and the Deployment of Military Units in the Vicinity of Civilian Settlements
• 4.2. The Hindrance of Movements of Noncombatants out of Grozny
• 4.3. Terrorist Acts outside the Borders of Chechnya: The Taking of Hostages, Premeditated Attacks on Civilian Settlements and Medical Institutions, Extra-Judicial Killings, and the Use of “Living Shields”
• 4.4. The Taking of Civilians as Hostages on the Territory of Chechnya
• 4.5. The Conditions in which Captives from the Russian Armed Forces Were Held and the Forcible Seizure of Civilians
• 4.6. Extra-Judicial Killings, Death Penalties, Carried out as a Result of Overly Simplified Legal Proceedings.  The Disappearance of Individuals
• 4.7. Corporal Punishment
• 4.8. The Investigation of the Legal Organs of the Chechen Republic Ichkeriia into Crimes Committed by the Soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic Ichkeriia against Civilian Settlements and Captured Soldiers of the Russian Federal Army
• 4.9. The Criminal Code of the Chechen Republic Ichkeriia: Contradictions of Internationally Recognized Norms
• 4.9.1. Basic Definitions
• 4.9.2. The System of Penalties
• 4.9.3. Disproportionality and Disproportional Penalties
• 4.9.4. Crude Violations of Several Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of Human Beings
• 5. Conclusion